Integrand size = 13, antiderivative size = 269 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {-1+x^3}}{1-\sqrt {3}-x}+\frac {\sqrt {-1+x^3}}{x}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (1-x) \sqrt {\frac {1+x+x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-x\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-x}{1-\sqrt {3}-x}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{2 \sqrt {-\frac {1-x}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-x\right )^2}} \sqrt {-1+x^3}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} (1-x) \sqrt {\frac {1+x+x^2}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-x\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {1+\sqrt {3}-x}{1-\sqrt {3}-x}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {-\frac {1-x}{\left (1-\sqrt {3}-x\right )^2}} \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \]
(x^3-1)^(1/2)/x+(x^3-1)^(1/2)/(1-x-3^(1/2))+1/3*(1-x)*EllipticF((1-x+3^(1/ 2))/(1-x-3^(1/2)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*((x^2+x+1)/(1-x-3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2) *3^(3/4)/(x^3-1)^(1/2)/((-1+x)/(1-x-3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)-1/2*3^(1/4)*(1-x)*El lipticE((1-x+3^(1/2))/(1-x-3^(1/2)),2*I-I*3^(1/2))*((x^2+x+1)/(1-x-3^(1/2) )^2)^(1/2)*(1/2*6^(1/2)+1/2*2^(1/2))/(x^3-1)^(1/2)/((-1+x)/(1-x-3^(1/2))^2 )^(1/2)
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 5 vs. order 4 in optimal.
Time = 10.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 38, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.14 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=-\frac {\sqrt {1-x^3} \operatorname {Hypergeometric2F1}\left (-\frac {1}{3},\frac {1}{2},\frac {2}{3},x^3\right )}{x \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \]
Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 289, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.07, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.308, Rules used = {847, 833, 760, 2418}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
| \(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {x^3-1}} \, dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 847 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {\sqrt {x^3-1}}{x}-\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {x^3-1}}dx\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 833 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\int \frac {-x+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {x^3-1}}dx-\left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^3-1}}dx\right )+\frac {\sqrt {x^3-1}}{x}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 760 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\int \frac {-x+\sqrt {3}+1}{\sqrt {x^3-1}}dx+\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {\frac {x^2+x+1}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-x+\sqrt {3}+1}{-x-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {-\frac {1-x}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3-1}}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {x^3-1}}{x}\) |
| \(\Big \downarrow \) 2418 |
| \(\displaystyle \frac {1}{2} \left (\frac {2 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \left (1+\sqrt {3}\right ) (1-x) \sqrt {\frac {x^2+x+1}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-x+\sqrt {3}+1}{-x-\sqrt {3}+1}\right ),-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {-\frac {1-x}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3-1}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2+\sqrt {3}} (1-x) \sqrt {\frac {x^2+x+1}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} E\left (\arcsin \left (\frac {-x+\sqrt {3}+1}{-x-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7+4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt {-\frac {1-x}{\left (-x-\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^3-1}}+\frac {2 \sqrt {x^3-1}}{-x-\sqrt {3}+1}\right )+\frac {\sqrt {x^3-1}}{x}\) |
Sqrt[-1 + x^3]/x + ((2*Sqrt[-1 + x^3])/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x) - (3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*(1 - x)*Sqrt[(1 + x + x^2)/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x)^2]*EllipticE[ArcS in[(1 + Sqrt[3] - x)/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(Sqrt[-((1 - x)/ (1 - Sqrt[3] - x)^2)]*Sqrt[-1 + x^3]) + (2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(1 + Sqrt[3]) *(1 - x)*Sqrt[(1 + x + x^2)/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x)^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin[(1 + Sqr t[3] - x)/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]])/(3^(1/4)*Sqrt[-((1 - x)/(1 - Sqrt[3] - x)^2)]*Sqrt[-1 + x^3]))/2
3.5.90.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s *x + r^2*x^2)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(- s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3]) *s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x ] && NegQ[a]
Int[(x_)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3] ], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[(-(1 + Sqrt[3]))*(s/r) Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x ^3], x], x] + Simp[1/r Int[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x ]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && NegQ[a]
Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x )^(m + 1)*((a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)/(a*c*(m + 1))), x] - Simp[b*((m + n*(p + 1) + 1)/(a*c^n*(m + 1))) Int[(c*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a , b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p , x]
Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = N umer[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]], s = Denom[Simplify[(1 + Sqrt[3])*(d/c) ]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x] + S imp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 + Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/( (1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[(-s)*((s + r*x)/((1 - S qrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 - Sqrt[ 3])*s + r*x)], -7 + 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NegQ[a] && EqQ[b*c^3 - 2*(5 + 3*Sqrt[3])*a*d^3, 0]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 3.88 (sec) , antiderivative size = 33, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.12
| method | result | size |
| meijerg | \(-\frac {\sqrt {-\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )}\, {}_{2}^{}{\moversetsp {}{\mundersetsp {}{F_{1}^{}}}}\left (-\frac {1}{3},\frac {1}{2};\frac {2}{3};x^{3}\right )}{\sqrt {\operatorname {signum}\left (x^{3}-1\right )}\, x}\) | \(33\) |
| default | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}{x}-\frac {\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) E\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) F\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}\) | \(185\) |
| risch | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}{x}-\frac {\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) E\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) F\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}\) | \(185\) |
| elliptic | \(\frac {\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}{x}-\frac {\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x +\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) E\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) F\left (\sqrt {\frac {-1+x}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}-1}}\) | \(185\) |
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 21, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.08 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {x {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (0, 4, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, 4, x\right )\right ) + \sqrt {x^{3} - 1}}{x} \]
Time = 0.41 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.11 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=- \frac {i \Gamma \left (- \frac {1}{3}\right ) {{}_{2}F_{1}\left (\begin {matrix} - \frac {1}{3}, \frac {1}{2} \\ \frac {2}{3} \end {matrix}\middle | {x^{3}} \right )}}{3 x \Gamma \left (\frac {2}{3}\right )} \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - 1} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
\[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{\sqrt {x^{3} - 1} x^{2}} \,d x } \]
Time = 5.44 (sec) , antiderivative size = 226, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.84 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {-1+x^3}} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {x^3-1}}{x}+\frac {\left (\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\mathrm {F}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )-\left (-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\mathrm {E}\left (\mathrm {asin}\left (\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\right )\middle |-\frac {\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}\right )\right )\,\left (\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\sqrt {-\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}-\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {\frac {x+\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}\,\sqrt {-\frac {x-1}{\frac {3}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}}}}{\sqrt {x^3+\left (-\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )-1\right )\,x+\left (-\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}\right )}} \]
(x^3 - 1)^(1/2)/x + ((((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*ellipticF(asin((-(x - 1)/((3^ (1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2) ) - ((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2)*ellipticE(asin((-(x - 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2) )^(1/2)), -((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2)))*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2)*(-(x - (3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 3/2))^(1/2)*((x + ( 3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2)/((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 3/2))^(1/2)*(-(x - 1)/((3^(1/2)*1i) /2 + 3/2))^(1/2))/(((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) - x*(((3^ (1/2)*1i)/2 - 1/2)*((3^(1/2)*1i)/2 + 1/2) + 1) + x^3)^(1/2)